By Leslie Rohonczy, IMC™, PCC
Executive Coach | Leadership Development Expert | Author | Speaker | ©2026 | www.leslierohonczy.com
Make a list of the people at work who will disagree with you to your face.
Not the people who raise concerns privately after the meeting. Not the ones who hint that there “may be a few considerations” before wrapping the concern in fourteen layers of diplomatic bubble wrap. I mean the people who look directly at you and say, respectfully and clearly, “I don’t think we should do this”, or “I think you’re wrong”. How many names are on your list?
If several people come immediately to mind, it may mean you are unusually brilliant and surrounded by people who independently reach your exact conclusions every time. Hmmm… possible, I suppose, but it’s more likely that people have learned that agreeing with you is easier, safer, and better for their careers. The absence of disagreement isn’t proof of agreement.
And if you’re struggling to think of anyone, especially if you’re a senior leader, you’re in good company.
To be clear, I’m not advocating for performative candour! It’s not about leader-baiting, or being the one who says, “just to play devil’s advocate…” and then makes everyone wish the devil had retained better counsel. It is a diagnostic: when dissent appears, the organization shows whether truth is useful, ornamental, or punishable.
FIND THE CULTURE IN THE AFTERMATH
We often talk about whether people feel safe enough to speak up. It’s a worthy question, but it places most of our attention on what happens before someone disagrees.
Are they confident enough? Courageous enough? Credible enough? Skilled enough? Have they overcome their fear of conflict? Can they speak truth to power?
I’m interested in what happens next. What happens in your organization after someone disagrees with power? Does the leader become curious, or begin building a defence? Does the person’s concern receive genuine consideration, or a polite little burial? Are they still invited into the important conversations? Does the leader continue to seek their perspective, or does the person gradually acquire a reputation for being “difficult,” “negative,” “not a team player,” or “not sufficiently strategic”?
That response tells us more about the culture than any values statement, engagement survey, or town-hall declaration about psychological safety can. Culture is not what leaders say about candour. It is what people can safely learn from watching candour land.
Anyone can say, “I welcome healthy debate.” The real test begins when the debate is directed at something they believe, want, proposed, approved, or have already announced with an enthusiastic PowerPoint deck.
THE TWO-BOULDER PROBLEM
Imagine that speaking up requires us to travel down a road toward a person with more authority than we have. On that road, we encounter boulders.
Some of those boulders are inside us. We may be afraid of being wrong, looking foolish, damaging an important relationship, or being seen as confrontational. We may doubt whether we have enough authority or expertise to challenge the prevailing view. Some of us have spent years becoming extraordinarily good at reading subtle signals, adapting to other people, and preserving harmony. Speaking up can feel like deliberately lobbing a grenade into the conversation.
Other boulders have been placed in the road by the organization. We may have watched someone else challenge a decision and pay for it. Perhaps a leader says they want input, but responds to every concern with defensive cross-examination. Maybe the decision has already been made, and the meeting is consultation theatre. Or questions are welcomed right up until they threaten the timeline, budget, the leader’s preferred solution, or their ego.
These internal and external boulders can look remarkably similar from the outside, which is why it’s easy for leaders to misread silence. When someone stays silent, we may assume they need more confidence. When someone hesitates, we may decide they’re conflict-averse. When they finally raise a concern in private, we may coach them to be more courageous next time. Sometimes that is exactly the developmental work they need. And sometimes, what looks like a confidence problem is an accurate reading of the environment.
THE BOULDERS WE CARRY
Researchers James Detert and Amy Edmondson have examined what they call “implicit voice theories”: It’s a useful name for the unspoken beliefs people develop about when and why it’s risky to speak up at work.
These beliefs often become personal rules: Don’t embarrass the boss. Don’t challenge someone in public. Don’t bring up a problem unless you already have the solution. Don’t bypass the chain of command. Don’t speak until you are certain.
Most of us didn’t invent these rules over breakfast. We accumulated them through experience, by noticing which comments caused others to tighten, and by watching what happened when someone challenged a powerful person. We learned when candour was welcomed, when it was just tolerated, and when it came with a cost later.
Eventually, these lessons (which I prefer to think of as limiting beliefs) follow us into environments where the danger is lower. But the internal boulder still blocks the road long after the original organization, leader, or experience that put it there has disappeared.
That’s where courage, self-trust, and communication skills matter. We may need to challenge our assumptions about what will happen if we disagree. We may need to learn how to state a concern without apologizing for having one, becoming combative, or explaining it until everyone has forgotten the point. We may need to tolerate the discomfort of letting another adult have a reaction we can’t control.
We’re responsible for the boulders we carry: our old rules, fears, assumptions, and habits. But we’re not responsible for pretending the external ones aren’t real, especially when the organization helped put them there.
THE BOULDERS CREATED BY POWER
Here’s one study that complicates the usual conversation about psychological safety. In a meta-analysis, researchers Elad Sherf, Michael Parke, and Sofya Isaakyan found that perceived impact was more strongly associated with speaking up, while psychological safety was more strongly associated with remaining silent. In their analysis, perceived impact explained 67 per cent of the predicted variance in employee voice, compared with 28 per cent explained by psychological safety. In plain language, that means people are weighing two different questions: “Is it safe to say this?” and “Will saying it make any difference?”
That second question might even be more important than the first. A person may believe they can raise a concern without being publicly humiliated or fired, but decide to remain silent because experience has taught them that nobody with authority will do anything with it.
Fear isn’t always the driver; sometimes it’s fatigue. How many times should someone point out the same operational risk before stopping? How often should they offer a different perspective when every decision continues exactly as planned? At what point does “Please keep speaking up” begin to sound like “Please continue supplying input we have no intention of using”?
People notice whether their contribution has impact. They also notice whether the person who speaks up remains respected afterward.
SPEAKING UP SHOULD NOT REQUIRE HEROISM
We love stories about courageous people who speak truth to power. They are inspiring for good reason. I once worked with a senior leader who was willing to step into what many people would consider the danger zone. I watched him respectfully challenge executives, hold his ground when his perspective was unpopular, and speak with remarkable candour without making the conversation about his ego. His courage and credibility contributed to him becoming a senior executive and, eventually, the acting CEO.
There’s much to admire in his story. There’s also a question worth asking: If telling the truth requires extraordinary courage, what does that tell us about the power? Courage is a valuable leadership capability. But it’s a terrible organizational workaround.
We should help people build the confidence and skill to disagree. We should also resist romanticizing systems that repeatedly require people to risk their relationships, reputations, or careers to bring forward information the organization needs.
DISAGREEMENT IS NOT AUTOMATICALLY VALUABLE
Of course, the person disagreeing isn’t always right. Some people challenge everything. Some use “I’m just being candid” as diplomatic immunity for their poor behaviour. Others raise vague objections or repeat concerns that have already been addressed. And some confuse not getting their way with not being heard.
Useful disagreement requires responsibility. It names the specific concern and distinguishes evidence from assumption. It helps others understand the risk, consequence, or perspective they may have missed. Whenever possible, it contributes to better thinking rather than tossing a smoke bomb into the conversation and calling it candour.
But leaders have responsibilities too, and their responsibilities carry more weight because their reactions carry more consequences.
A leader does not have to agree with every dissenting view. They do need to demonstrate that disagreement can occur without diminishing the person who provided it.
WATCH WHAT HAPPENS NEXT
The culture-making moment begins after the disagreement lands.
What does the leader’s face do? What happens to their tone? Do they ask a curious question, or immediately explain why the person is wrong? Do they become interested in the information, or preoccupied with the challenge to their authority?
Then watch what happens over the following days and weeks.
Is the person still included? Does the leader continue to seek their advice? Is their concern accurately represented when the decision is discussed elsewhere? If the decision does not change, does anyone explain why? If the concern later proves valid, is that acknowledged without defensiveness or historical renovation?
Everyone else is watching too. People learn whether disagreement is welcome by observing what happens to those who disagree. One person’s experience becomes everyone else’s evidence.
WORK ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ROAD
If we want more honest conversations, we need to work on both kinds of boulders.
Those of us speaking up can ask:
What am I afraid might happen?
What evidence supports that fear?
Is this an old rule I am carrying into a new environment?
What specifically do I need to say?
How can I make my concern clear, useful, and proportionate?
Can I allow the leader to have a reaction without rushing to soften, retract, or overexplain my point?
Those of us holding more power can ask:
What do people see happen when someone challenges me?
Do I reward candour only when it is convenient or well packaged?
Have I confused a lack of disagreement with strong alignment?
Do people believe their input can affect the outcome?
What happens to someone’s standing with me after they oppose my view?
Who has tried to tell me something more than once?
Neither side gets a free pass. Courage without judgment can become recklessness. Authority without curiosity can become a very expensive echo chamber.
YOUR COACHING CHALLENGE: THE DISAGREEMENT TEST
Set aside 30 minutes when you can reflect without rushing to defend yourself. Think about the last three times someone disagreed with you in front of other people.
For each situation, ask yourself:
What happened inside me the moment the disagreement landed?
What did my face, voice, and first response communicate to the person and everyone watching?
Did I become curious about what they could see, or begin proving what I already believed?
What happened to that person’s influence, access, and standing with me afterward?
Did my response make the next disagreement more likely, or less?
Now return to the list you made at the beginning of this article. Who disagrees with you to your face?
If the list is shorter than you’d like, resist the temptation to announce at the next team meeting that your door is always open. An open door is only useful when people have reason to believe that walking through it will matter.
Find one person whose perspective you may not have made enough room for. Ask them what they see that you might be missing. Then pay very close attention to what happens inside you when they answer.
The objective isn’t more conflict. It’s making the truth less expensive to tell.
If this article raised a few useful questions about how you lead, how your team tells you the truth, or what happens after disagreement lands, I’d be glad to talk. You can reach out for a free exploratory executive coaching conversation at www.leslierohonczy.com.
